The sun, unlike Earth, lacks a solid surface or continents, as well as a solid core. It does, however, contain a succession of layers comparable to an onion. The sun is composed mainly of hydrogen (about 75 percent) with some helium and trace amounts of other elements.
The photosphere is the main-body of the star that we can see. It is approximately 500 million km wide and is made up of plasma (the fourth state of matter) containing equal amounts of electrons and ions. The photosphere is where most of the energy from the star is released in the form of radiation. Above the photosphere is the chromosphere, which is much hotter than the photosphere and emits blackbody radiation at its own color temperature. Layers above the chromosphere include the corona and the solar wind.
Stars are usually not exactly like the Sun in terms of composition, but rather they are formed with various proportions of different elements. The presence of metals (elements other than hydrogen and helium) affects how easily the star can fuse atoms together. Thus, stars more abundant in metals are able to burn nuclear fuel faster and thus evolve away from the main-sequence phase of evolution faster than those less abundant in metals. This is why you find more hydrogen and helium in solar-type stars and more iron in red giant stars.
The Sun, like our planet and most other celestial bodies, is separated into layers. The crucial distinction is that, unlike the Earth, the Sun is not solid, therefore determining the layers is more difficult. The Sun is made up of plasma, which are ionized gases. It contains hydrogen ions and helium atoms with some additional particles thrown in such as electrons.
There are three main layers in the Sun: the photosphere, the region where most solar activity takes place; the chromosphere, a highly dynamic region just below the photosphere where magnetic fields are released to feed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares; and finally the corona, a diffuse gas cloud that extends beyond the surface of the Sun where heat is radiated into space.
Each layer has its own characteristic temperatures: the photosphere around 5,500 degrees Celsius (10,800 Fahrenheit), the chromosphere between 5,000 and 1 million degrees Celsius (9,600 F- 8,400 F), and the corona above 7,000 degrees Celsius (12,700 F).
The Sun's atmosphere is ten times thicker than Earth's, so it can affect what goes on below on a daily basis. The different layers work together to produce the Sun's activity: solar winds, sunspots, flares, and eruptions.
No, there isn't a solid core. That is not how it works. The Sun, like all stars, is made out of gas. They are mostly composed of hydrogen gas with a trace of helium. In addition, the Sun is surrounded by a cloud of particles called the solar wind. This wind is made up of electrons, positrons, and ions.
Stars are usually thought of as big balls of fire, but this picture is not quite right. A star such as the Sun lives for about 10 billion years before exploding as a supernova or collapsing into a black hole. During this time, it burns through its nuclear fuel at a steady rate of about $10^{38}$ watts (or joules per second). This energy is what keeps the star shining even though it is made up entirely of gases. As the star runs out of fuel, its gravity pulls itself together, creating conditions favorable to the formation of planets or other stars.
A stellar nucleus is a large ball of extremely hot gas that remains after a star has exhausted its supply of hydrogen fuel. If a star less than 8 million years old has lost most of its mass through stellar winds or explosions, then it will eventually collapse under its own weight and form a neutron star or black hole.
Because the Sun is a massive ball of plasma (electrified gas), it lacks a defined, solid surface like Earth. Sunlight produced by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core (center) steadily spreads outward, clashing with atoms in the Sun's interior on a regular basis. These collisions produce heat that allows the Sun to remain solid-seeming. The light from the Sun reaches every point on its surface, but only certain parts are visible at any given moment. Outward-moving masses of solar material called plages can be up to 500,000 miles (800,000 km) wide.
These masses are made up of cooler hydrogen ions and helium atoms that make up more than 99% of the Sun's mass. They are trapped by the Sun's magnetic field which causes them to move across the surface in patterns known as sunspots. A small number appear almost everywhere on the Sun's surface, but most are found in regions where they may block out some of the sunlight reaching those areas for several months at a time.
The remaining 1% of the Sun is made up of helium and heavier elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and iron. Although this component is very dense, it is so hot that it does not matter how much you weigh; you would still be crushed to a paste under your own body weight!
The average temperature of the Sun is 5,500 degrees Fahrenheit (3,000 degrees Celsius).
The center of the Earth is the same temperature as the sun's surface. It's a riddle that has perplexed generations of scientists: A Pluto-sized sphere of solid iron sits in the very heart of our planet, within a liquid outer core. That's right, solid—despite the fact that it's approximately the same temperature as the sun's surface. 1 aagsttttttttttttttttttttt The heat coming from inside the earth flow out towards the surface and then back again into the interior.
The reason why the center of the Earth is not too hot to live in is because it is covered by a thick layer of ice. The magnetic field created by the Earth keeps most of the radiation from reaching the center, allowing life to exist there.
However, the central region of the Earth is also surrounded by rock, which could cause problems if it melted. The weight of the overlying rock layers would likely crush any material that might melt within the core.
The core of the Earth is mainly made up of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium), with some helium and small amounts of other elements such as silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, potassium, sodium, and iron. Although the core is mostly solid, it does contain some fluid materials within it.
The core of the Earth is the part that generates its own heat and therefore doesn't get cold like its exterior does during winter times.
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